Hard Times Essay

Dickens presents his analysis of the training for the working class in a mocking way. He has made the study hall as a production line. The motivation behind the instruction in Coketown is to uncover the blamelessness and creative mind of little youngsters so they will develop into utilitarian robots anticipating simply the drudgery of modern life. Dickens utilizes explicit strategies to put his point across of ‘bad education’ by utilizing negative perspectives. This is finished with distortion since he needs the peruser to think equivalent to what he suspects as much it appears as though instruction was outrageous and exceptional. In ‘Hard Times’, the instructors satisfy the unnecessary showing aptitudes as they simply need the ‘little vessels’ to be loaded up with realities. Dickens additionally presents a differentiation between two kids to show how distinctively every kid gets rewarded in light of their experience or their disposition towards things other than realities. Another technique that he utilizes is making the characters stand apart through their names to represent their character. All through parts 1-3, Dickens underscores on the word ‘facts’ on the grounds that he needs to consistently present and condemn the training for the working class. ‘Now, what I need is, Facts. Show these young men and young ladies only Facts. Realities alone are needed in life†¦ ‘ This is the initial sentence of the novel and straight away you have a dubious thought of the radicalism of educating. Additionally the word ‘fact’ is in capital letters and this connotes the significance of adapting only realities. The presentation of the educator has a great deal of embellishment nearby. Thomas Gradgrind is a working class, independent man. ‘A man of realities†¦ a man of realities and calculations’. Dickens has made this character a hard and cold instructor who realizes what he needs from the understudies. ‘He appeared to be a sort of gun stacked to the gag with facts†¦ ‘ Dickens utilizes military symbolism to show how the educator needs to dispose of youth creative mind. ‘He appeared to be an electrifying contraption, as well, accused of a horrid mechanical substitute for the delicate youthful minds that should have been raged away’. Dickens has depicted this as a material science try on the grounds that ‘galvanising’ is the procedure named after Galvan in the incitement of creature tissue by electric flows. However, for this situation it is the small kids that are being animated with genuine flows. Dickens has made the educator to be extremely unfeeling and coldblooded and this is to introduce his analysis on the instruction for the working class since he clearly can't help contradicting this idea of instructing and he needs the perusers to feel a similar route by utilizing the diverse language methods and this is generally done through misrepresentation.

Policemen of the World Thesis and Outline Assignment - 1

Police officers of the World Thesis and Outline - Assignment Example The primary war was somewhere in the range of 1798 and 1800 with France. The war was impelled via land discussion in the now Dominican republic. In the twentieth century, United States of America was associated with a savage war against Cambodia and Vietnam (Collier, 1993). The latest war between 1990 to date has been to countries, for example, Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya and Egypt among different nations. There have been contentions encompassing the USA contribution in the worldwide wars. The debates inside the country are on the protected orders that give the president capacity to attack a country without speaking with the senate and the congress (Kornbluh, 2003). The congress requests for a legitimate proviso that the president should consistently look for their conclusion before he execute his arrangement to assault a stressing country. Debates have additionally emerged on the nations being assaulted by the USA troops. There were debates in Iraq when the USA troops attacked them and removed Sadam Hussein that the nation had atomic weapons however the nation never had any weapon. The inquiry presently is the reason did USA need to assault another country on bogus cases? (Steinhauer, 2011) The US of America need to have an unmistakable examination before assaulting any country. The wars typically lead to the passings of numerous regular people larger part of whom are guiltless. It ou ght to be noticed that war doesn't bring any advantage, however a misfortune to the life of human

surgery on amputations :: essays research papers

Removal is a medical procedure to expel an appendage or part of an appendage. Removal can likewise occur as a mishap, which is known as an awful removal. Who is a possibility for the technique? Removal is frequently utilized for one of four conditions:  · gangrene, which is an extreme appendage disease with death of tissue  · absence of enough blood course through the veins that gracefully blood and oxygen to the influenced appendage  · serious injury or injury of an appendage  · malignant growth or a tumor including an appendage Removal has genuine passionate and physical impacts. Hence, appendage expulsion is generally exhorted just when different alternatives are impractical or have minimal possibility of accomplishment. How is the system performed? There are a wide range of approaches to play out a removal. A solitary finger or toe might be expelled, or a whole arm or leg. The specialist will ordinarily attempt to expel as meager of the appendage varying to treat the condition. A removal is done in a working room. By and large, general sedation is utilized to take care of the individual totally with meds. Local sedation may likewise be utilized. For this situation, an individual is alert yet has no impression of agony. The territory of skin where the entry point will be made is cleaned. The specialist at that point slices into and through the skin. As a rule, the specialist will expel the appendage or part of the appendage at a point where there is a joint. For example, the whole leg underneath the knee might be expelled. The knee region is picked halfway in light of the fact that this is the place the shinbone, or tibia, meets the thighbone, or femur. Evacuating the part or entire appendage at a joint forestalls the need to break one of the bones. After the part or entire appendage is expelled, the skin is shut with stitches. A swathe or dressing is then set over it. What happens directly after the system? The individual is taken to a medical procedure recuperation room while the person in question awakens from the medical procedure. Agony prescription is given if necessary. Anti-toxins and different meds may likewise be given. At the point when the individual is alert and their crucial signs are inside ordinary cutoff points, the person is generally reclaimed to a bed in the careful inpatient unit. Much of the time, the individual should remain in the medical clinic for in any event 1 or 2 additional days.

Essay Topics on Kants Work

Essay Topics on Kant's WorkThere are many good essay topics on Kant's work, and even if you want to study the themes of his later works, you can do so by examining and reinterpreting some of his earlier work. His ideas have had a dramatic effect on the way we think about all aspects of human existence. The debate over what he meant and what he was trying to do remains as divisive as ever.What I'm going to discuss here is an attempt to cover some of the themes that can be found in his works. At first glance, it may seem like a difficult thing to do. With the depth of the work involved, as well as the view of the world it presents, it would seem to require some great literature. In other words, someone with some literary training would have to look at Kant's work and relate it to the subjects that he was investigating.You'll find that there are many ways to approach this, and that there are some very good essay topics on Kant's work. Of course, you might consider going with a humanitie s method, instead of just trying to pull all of the meanings out of a book. Or, you could attempt to use your own interpretation of his work.Here are some different ways that you can proceed with this. You can read a book on Kant, perhaps his own work, or you could go with an essay that you may have already written. This is where you get to see how well you understand Kant's work and what you're capable of doing with it.What I am suggesting is that you might even spend time looking at some of the essays that are still up on the internet to see if there is a common theme to these. At least, that would seem to be one approach that is much more logical than actually reading his work.As well, there are essay topics on Kant's work that you can find in high school philosophy textbooks. It seems that many high school teachers have included this as a part of their courses for a while, which is a great addition.At any rate, it seems that if you want to look at some of the actual essay topics on Kant's work, you'll have to do it carefully. You don't want to end up going too far off the deep end.

How Many Votes Make Up The Electoral College - 1271 Words

1. How many votes make up the Electoral College? 538 votes make up the Electoral College. (Rain) 2. How many electoral votes does it take to win the presidential election? 270 of the 538 electoral votes win a presidential election. (Rain) 3. What is the Twelfth Amendment? The Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides the procedure for electing the President and Vice President, only one vote for the president and a different vote for the vice president, instead of voting for two presidents and the one with the least amount of votes be made the vice president. . (Kimberling) 4. What caused it? In the 1800 state localities had begun to create problems in selection of a president. By making slight changes the 12th Amendment altered the design of the Electoral College. (Kimberling) 5. What did the Twelfth Amendment do away with? The 12th Amendment did away with a direct popular voting of a president into office. (Kimberling) 6. What happens if no candidate gets the required number of electoral votes? (This has only happened three times in and all were in the 1800’s) If no candidate gets the required number of electoral votes the House of Representatives selects the winner. (Rain) 7. What did the 23rd Amendment do? The 23rd Amendment awards three electoral votes to the District of Columbia making it a total of 538 votes. (Rain) 8. What is a â€Å"faithless elector?† A â€Å"faithless elector† is one who says he will vote for his party’s candidate but vote forShow MoreRelatedThe Electoral College System Is Outdated And Unfair1670 Words   |  7 Pagesof the United States. Just recently, in the 2016 election, Hilary Clinton won the popular vote and Donald Trump won the electoral vote, in which he was elected president. This made many Americans question if the electoral college system is outdated and unfair and if the direct popular vote is a more effective way of electing the president. This has happened twice where the candidate who has the popular vote did not win the presidency. The problem that has arisen is that the rules of the presidentialRead MoreWhat Is The Electoral College?846 Words   |  4 Pages What is the electoral college? For those of us who are just starting out to vote and for the ones that just don’t pay attention to how elections work, which is most of us. You will be surprised to know that you as a vot er don’t vote for the President or Vice-President directly. At the polls, voters choose which candidate receives their state’s electors. Then, those electors are the ones that vote directly for President. The electoral college was established in 1787 and has been used ever since.Read MoreThe Electoral College Is A System886 Words   |  4 PagesThe Electoral College is a system that the founding fathers established to allow people to vote indirectly for the president. The public does not directly vote for the president and his or her running mate, but intern votes for a representative that has pledged to vote for a certain candidate. Once the electoral votes have been cast, the majority winner wins the presidency. Each state gets a certain number of electoral votes, there is a total of 538 electoral votes, and a majority of 270 votes isRead MoreThe Electoral College Is A Unique System That Elects The President Of The United States Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagesenough to vote. You head to the nearest voting station and check the name of the person you think is most fit to be President of the United States. Heart filled with excitement, you put on your â€Å"I voted† sticker and head home to watch the election unravel. Your states votes were finally counted, and the presidential candidate you voted for lost by 1%. Your heart sinks as you realize all electoral votes for your state will go to the opposing candidate, and 48% of your population’s votes will be silencedRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Electoral College1416 Words   |  6 PagesElectoral College Despite the Electoral College system being founded by the founding fathers in America and being there as long as the Constitution exists, many people still do not have sufficient knowledge on how it works. The Electoral College does not provide honest presidential elections rather it has the potential to undo the will of people at any point from the selection of electors to the vote tallying in Congress (Shaw, 3). Electoral College in the United States has played a major role inRead MoreShould We Eliminate The Electoral College?1314 Words   |  6 PagesDecember 2014 Should We Eliminate the Electoral College? The validity and necessity of the Electoral College has been questioned approximately since it was formed in the Constitution. Many different events in history, such as the president having a vice president from the opposite party, and the electoral college electing a president that didn’t win the popular vote has caused this to be an area of controversy. After looking into the origin of this system, how it works, and societal and technologicalRead MoreElection Day After President Of The United States1156 Words   |  5 Pagescast their vote for the next President of the United States. However, Americans don t directly vote for President. So, what s happening on Election Day then? It is a bit complicated due to a system involving something called the Electoral College. The Electoral College is the collection of 538 votes that determine who will be the next President of the United States of America. The number 538 comes from the number of Representatives, 438, plus the number Senators, 100, all of which make up CongressRead MoreWhy Its Time to Reform the Electoral College1553 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Electoral College Even though the Electoral college worked in the past it isn’t working for the present. The Electoral College was created to help elect a president. How that works is the 50 states are assigned so many voting representatives depending on population in that state. This worked in the past due to most states population was equal but in present times its not so some states have more of a say so in electing the president of The United States. Even though the Electoral College workedRead MoreThe Electoral College Should Be Abolished1418 Words   |  6 PagesThe Electoral College has been around since 1787 and is how the United States elects the president and vice president. Many people support the Electoral College because the Founding Fathers thought it was the only way to have a democracy without completely trusting the people to elect the president. The Electoral College process is stated in the Constitution so many people think it is the only way to elect the president. Many cr itics of the Electoral College call it out on the fact that a candidateRead MoreElectoral College Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pages1787, the Electoral College was originally created during the Constitutional Convention to help make a fair way for the president to be elected without giving too much power to either the national government or individual states. Over the years, the Electoral College has undergone a few changes in attempt to make it more fair, but there is still much debate about whether or not the Electoral College is the most effective way to elect a president. Some people believe that the Electoral College does an

Crossing Brooklyn Ferry by Walt Whitman Essay - 875 Words

Through the use of simple diction, Whitman is able to traverse both time and distance and connect with his readers as so few other poets can. His mastery of verbiage draws readers into the poem, as few other poets can. In â€Å"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry,† Whitman creates a vignette into the Brooklyn of the past, and he connects it to the present, though in surprising ways. The omnipresence of Whitman allows the reader to envision themselves into the settings he created- and to interpret them into modern language. By creating a path through the cities of the past, Whitman connects with his readers in a fascinating and deeply personal way. Whitman’s mastery of language and is apparent in the poem narrator’s ability†¦show more content†¦After establishing the omnipresence of the poem, Whitman addresses those readers in the future by beginning with the declaration that It avails not, time nor place—distance avails not (CITE), thus stating that I (Whitma n) am with you (CITE). Whitman connects his sights to those of the future by stating that future people will experience, he has already seen Just as you . . . or I too, which reinforces the omnipresent and boundless power of nature to connect all time and space together (CITE). Whitman relishes the joy and sheer pleasure of being connected to something much greater than himself. He does not fear the inevitable death he must face because he knows he will experience the future, though through the eyes of those yet to be born. He is able to find comfort in Others [who feel] the same—others who look back on me because I lookd forward to them (CITE). There is no finality in death because he, like his readers, will continue to live long after they are gone. After asking What is it then between us? / What is the count of the scores or hundreds of years between us? (CITE) he states that it does not matter. Whitman connects himself to all the people of the past and present, those who have been â€Å"struck from the float (CITE) or suddenly aware of the futility of a single life. One does not have to have hadShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Walt Whitman s Crossing Brooklyn Ferry 1271 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Dream establishes a journey to achieve a goal in order to start a new life. In â€Å"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry† by Walt Whitman, Walt Whitman illustrates the arrival to endorse a connection with the American future. Therefore, Walt Whitman conveys the experience of arrival using images to highlight the steps to reach the American Dream. As a result, the experience of arrival introduces a similar goal people are trying to achieve, which connects one another. Nevertheless, the people arrivingRead MoreEssay about Crossing Brooklyn Ferry by Walt Whitman933 Words   |  4 PagesCrossing Brooklyn Ferry by Walt Whitman Recurring Images and Motifs in Crossing Brooklyn Ferry In the poem Crossing Brooklyn Ferry by Walt Whitman, there are many recurring images and motifs that can be seen. Whitman develops these images throughout the course of the poem. The most dominant of these are the linear notion of time, playing roles, and nature. By examining these motifs and tracing their development, ones understanding of the poem becomes highly deepenedRead More Dickinson vs Whitman Essay611 Words   |  3 PagesDickinson vs Whitman Two Poets, Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson are probably two of the most influential people in American poetry. They are regarded as the founders modern American poetry. Walt Whitman (1819-1892), for the time was breaking new ground with his diverse, energetic verse with regards to subject matter, form and style whether talking about overlooked objects in nature such as a single blade of grass or even our own hearing. Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) while living a life ofRead MoreOmnipresence of Whitman: Here-- Then and Now1143 Words   |  5 PagesWhitman is able to traverse both time and distance and connect with his readers, through the use of simple diction, as so few other poets can. His mastery of verbiage draws readers into the poem, and creates a poetic experience like no other. In â€Å"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry,† Whitman creates a vignette into the Brooklyn of the past, as he connects it to the present, in surprising ways. Omnipresence allows the reader to envision t hemselves in the settings created and to interpret them into modern languageRead MoreIndividuality And Free Verse in Walt Whitmans Song of Myself1524 Words   |  7 Pagesperspective of poetry, Walt Whitman embodies these values in his life and work. First published in 1855 in Leaves of Grass, Song of Myself is a vision of a symbolic I enraptured by the senses, vicariously embracing all people and places from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans. Sections 1 and 2, like the entirety of the piece, seek to reconcile the individual and the natural world in an attempt to uncover the individuals humanity. Born near Huntington, New York, Whitman was the second of a familyRead MoreLiterary Romanticism : Literary Realism852 Words   |  4 Pagesnarrator’s interpretation of the loss of his beloved Lenore, not in a matter of fact way, but rather in a romantic subjectivity way. In contrast, Walt Whitman’s Crossing Brooklyn Ferry, displays the shift from transcendentalism towards realism. Rather than imagination, Whitman uses natural imagery (real images of nature and our surroundings) to convey realism. Whitman exemplifies this as follows: Just as you feel when you look on the river and sky, so I felt, Just as any of you is one of a living crowdRead MoreAn Analysis of â€Å"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry† and â€Å"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking†2534 Words   |  11 PagesAn Analysis of â€Å"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry† and â€Å"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking† By Austin Cooley ENGL 2027 – 007 In â€Å"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry† the story follows the narrator’s experience with life as he takes a beautiful ferry ride. The man talks about the meaning of his life to other people. In this crowd he brings together all of the strangers and finds a connection. His journey through â€Å"space and time† is focused on the people. In the first sections, Whitman sets the scene by describing hisRead MoreAnalysis Of Crossing Brooklyn Ferry By Ralph Waldo Emerson1045 Words   |  5 Pagesof Walt Whitman. This is no accident or act of fate. Whitman purposely aimed to become a True Poet for America, as described by Ralph Waldo Emerson’sâ€Å"The Poet†. He did this through his elements and themes of his poetry which transformed him into an eternal man, and speaker of all people. Whitman’s poem â€Å"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry† not only portrays these aspects of him but also shows how he is a Transcendentalist through the themes of time, human con nectivity, and beauty. In â€Å"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry†Read MoreThe New Colossus By Jane Addams Essay1364 Words   |  6 Pagesdistinction between â€Å"settlers† and â€Å"immigrants,† causing many observers to be concerned with how these new arrivals would fit in to American society. Emma Lazarus in â€Å"The New Colossus†, Jane Addams in Twenty Years at Hull House, Walt Whitman in â€Å"Crossing the Brooklyn Ferry†, Theodore Roosevelt in American Ideals, and Thomas Aldrich in â€Å"Unguarded Gates† are just a few names in American Literature who use their work as a medium to voice their opinions on the issue of immigration. Emma Lazarus’s poemRead MoreThe Most Uneven Great Poet By Tenney Nathanson1102 Words   |  5 Pagestumultuous waves,) Ever with pleas’d smile I may keep on, Ever and ever yet the verses owning – as, first, I here and now, Singing for Soul and Body, set to them my name, Walt Whitman Walt Whitman, termed â€Å"America’s most uneven great poet† by Tenney Nathanson, is one of America’s greatest poets. Born in 1819 in Long Island, Whitman lived during an era when sexuality, especially homosexuality, a term not coined until years later, was a taboo subject not to be discussed in public. Many of his poems

Coconut Production free essay sample

Traditionally, the economic importance of coconut was laid on its nourishing water, kernel, copra, oil and coir, but laying emphasis on value addition and product diversification is widening the spectrum of its economy. The coconut is a benevolent tree, a nature’s gift to mankind, as it is a source of food, beverage, oilseed, fibres, timber, health products and also associated with mystery and omen in the life of people. The coconut tree provides clothing, utensils and dwellings, therefore, is an important source of earning livelihood to the people of coconut growing states, especially in the coastal areas. The coconut tree therefore, is eulogized, reverently as â€Å"Kalpavruksha† or tree of life by the people. The coconut crop is grown in 12. 5 million hectares of land which constituted about 0. 7% of net crop area of the world. The crop is grown in the coastal lowlands of continental South Asia and spread along the Indian and Pacific Ocean, the cultivation is mostly done by small and marginal farmers. According to FAO statistics 2007, about 57. 9 billion nuts were produced, which was equivalent to 7. 3 metric tonnes of oil. The coconut oil ranks sixth among the eight major vegetable oils of the world. India contributes about 15. 46 per cent in area and 21 per cent in terms of production of coconut in the world. The coconut crop is grown in eighteen States and three Union Territories covering an area of 1. 935 million hectares of land, with a production of 12,833 million nuts in the country. The major coconut crop acreage is concentrated on the West Coast region of the country comprising the states of Kerala, Karnataka and Maharashtra, followed by East Coast of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Pondicherry. The coconut cultivation areas also traditionally located in the coastal region of Gujarat, Goa, West Bengal, Islands of Andaman amp; Nicobar and Lakshadweep. About 90% of the area of coconut cultivation and equally the same per cent of production of coconut are from the four Southern states, viz. Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Kerala is considered as the land of coconut and holds the key for the development of coconut production and marketing in the country. Cultivation and Varieties: Cultivation The coconut palm is found to grow under varying climatic and soil conditions. It is essentially a tropical plant growing mostly between 20oN 20oS latitudes. However, a rainfall of about 2000 mm per year, well distributed throughout, is ideal for proper growth and maximum production. Coconut is grown under different soil types such as loamy, laterite, coastal sandy, alluvial, clayey and reclaimed soils of the marshy low lands. The ideal soil conditions for better growth and performance of the palm are proper drainage, good water-holding capacity, presence of water table within 3m and absence of rock or any hard substratum within 2m of the surface. Variety There are only two distinct varieties of coconut, the tall and the dwarf. The tall cultivars that are extensively grown are the West Coast Tall and East Coast Tall. The dwarf variety is shorter in stature and its life span is short as compared to the tall. Tall x Dwarf (TxD), Dwarf x Tall (DxT) are the two important hybrids. There are 10 different combination of hybrids, developed by Kerala Agriculture University and Tamil Nadu Agriculture University and released for commercial cultivation. They are high yielders under the good management conditions. Laccadive Ordinary, Andaman Ordinary, Philippines, Java, Cochin-China, Kappadam etc.  are the other tall cultivars under cultivation. Coconut Development Board Coconut Development Board is a statutory body established by the Government of India for the integrated development of coconut production and utilization in the country with focus on productivity increase and product diversification. The Board which came into existence on 12th J anuary 1981, functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, with its Headquarters at Kochi in Kerala and Regional Offices at Bangalore in Karnataka, Chennai in Tamil Nadu and   Guwahati in Assam. There are six State Centres situated at Bhubaneswar in Orissa, Calcutta in West Bengal, Patna in Bihar, Thane in Maharashtra, Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh and Port Blair in the Union Territory of Andaman amp; Nicobar Islands. The Board has 9 Demonstration cum Seed Production (DSP) Farms in different locations of the country and now 7 farms are maintained. A Market Development cum Information Centre has established in Delhi. The Board has set up a Technology Development Centre at Vazhakulam near Aluva in Kerala. Functions of the Board * Adopting measures for the development of coconut industry, inter alia. Imparting technical advice to those engaged in coconut cultivation and industry. * Providing financial and other assistance for the expansion of area under coconut. * Encouraging adoption of modern technologies for processing of coconut and its products. * Adopting measures to get incentive prices for coconut and its products. * Recommending measures for improving marketing of coconut and its products. * Recommending measures for regulating imports and exports of coconut and its products. * Fixing grades, specifications and standards for coconut and its products. Financing suitable schemes to increase the production of coconut and to improve the quality and yield of coconut. * Assisting, encouraging, promoting and financing agricultural, technological, industrial or economic research on coconut and its products. * Collecting statistics on coconut and its products and publishing them. * Undertaking publicity activities and publishing books and periodicals on coconut and its products. Products Major coconut production in the country primarily is in demand from consuming states for traditional products viz. matured nuts, tender coconut water, coconut oil, desiccated coconut, oil cake and coir products. Nearly 90 percent coconut production is directed for traditional use in domestic markets. * Activated Carbon * Desiccated Coconut * Nata-da-Coco * Shell Charcol * Spray Dried Milk Powder * Virgin Coconut Oil * Coconut Oil * Milk Cream * Packed Tender Coconut Water * Shell Powder * Vinegar * Bottling of Coconut Water Production and Marketing Philippines, Indonesia, India and Sri Lanka account for 78 per cent of the area and production. India ranks third on world coconut map and in recent times became the largest producer of coconut with the production of 16. 9 billion nuts from acreage under plantation of about 1.89 million hectares. The most eminent countries exploring coconut palms for commercial production are located in Asia, Oceania, West Indies, Central and South America, East and West Africa. According to FAO-2004 citation on coconut data , the coconut crop is grown in about 90 countries across the World in an area of 14. 231 million hectares producing 57. 514 billion nuts or 1 0. 52 million tons of copra. Out of World’s total area under coconut, 16 major coconut producing countries accounted for 93. 75 per. Among the Asian and Pacific Coconut Community (APCC), mainly six countries i. e. Philippines, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Malaysia together accounted for 80. 65 per cent of the total area under coconut cultivation and about 82 percent of world production. The distribution of area in india under coconut cultivation shows that the major portion of coconut production in the country rests with the Western plains and Ghat regions comprising the states of Kerala, Karnataka and Maharashtra followed by Eastern coast plain and hilly regions comprising Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry . Andaman amp;Nicobar ,Lakshadweep and states of Gujarat are the other traditional coconut growing areas. Certain tracts of TamilNadu, Karnataka and the states of Assam, Tripura, WestBengal, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh are the non-traditional areas where coconut cultivation has made in roads rapidly. In the North Eastern belts, state like Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh are also experimenting coconut cultivation successfully. The food processing sector has not paid due attention to diversification and value addition to coconut, coconut products and by products. The coconut processing therefore traditionally remained confined to copra production, oil extraction, manufacturer of desiccated coconut, coir and coir products. The most important and economically valuable produce of coconut palm is its fruit popularly known as ‘nut’. It is made up of an outer exocarp, a thick fibrous fruit coat known as husk; underneath lies the hard protective endocarp or shell. Lining the shell is a white albuminous endosperm or ‘coconut meat’ and the inner cavity is filled with a clear sweet refreshing liquid called ‘coconut water’. The kernel of a matured nut is the most precious product used for edible purpose. The dried kernel or copra is the richest source of edible oil and a by-product coconut oil cake, a source of vegetable protein used as an ingredient for livestock feed. The shell as such is used for fuel purpose, shell gasifier as an alternate source of heat energy, making handicrafts, ice-cream cups and other commercial products like shell powder, shell charcoal and activated carbon. The husk yields fibres, which is converted into coir and coir products viz. , coil carpets, coir geo-textile, coir composite, coir safety belts, coir boards, coir asbestos and coir pith. Coir pith a secondary by product obtained during defibring process is used as soil conditioner and mending all types of soils. The spongy nature of pith helps in disintegration of clay soil and allows free drainage. Its sponginess helps to retain water and oxygen and also prevents loss of vital nutrients from. Even though, India is the third largest coconut growing country in the world, its contribution to international market remains insignificant. The Export and Import of coconut products reveal grim situation in the country. However, it has been reported that India’s exports earning from coconut products is increasing at the compound growth rate of 20.71 percent per annum and the import of coconut and its products increases the trade deficit in the export earning of the country. Since the rate of growth on the import of Coconut products, during the same period was 33. 50 percent per annum. Marketing of coconuts differs from that of other fresh fruits due to natural durability of coconuts, which are sold as fresh tender nuts as well as matured water nuts and dry nuts, though the marketing practices followed are similar in nature, they may differ in accordance with the post harvest practices followed by farmers of coconut and form of products consumed in that area. Coconut farmers in the country have adopted indirect mode of disposal of their produce. However, rich farmers prefer to trade through direct channel, as a result the role of intermediaries or middle men is seen prominently in the marketing channels of coconut. Most of the coconut farmers have adopted leasing their farms / gardens as the mode of disposal of the coconut, but absence of lease holder, low productivity and uncertain farming conditions, always force coconut farmers to adopt mixed marketing practice. Since tender coconuts are marketed for drinking coconut water, the farmers Prefer to sell them immediately after harvesting without subjecting it for grading. Tender coconuts have great demands in most of the towns and cities all over the country, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore and Delhi are major consuming market for tender coconut and the major assembling markets for tender coconut are located at Kolkata, Maddurai and Mumbai. The assembling and distribution of tender coconut through out the country is almost uniform and involves producer, contractor, itinerary merchants, wholesalers, retailers and hawkers. Realizing the importance of tender coconut as a nutritious and refreshing drink, the tender coconuts are also marketed to the processing unit for packing the tender coconut water in bottles, polythene satchels or aluminumcans. The matured nuts reaching markets are either partially husked or dehusked as per demand and requirements in distant markets. The coconut meant for copra making are sold fully husked by the farmers in near markets, similarly, where the coir industries are located and retting facilities are available, the coconut are completely dehusked for marketing purposes. In accordance with the demand the storage practices for matured coconuts differ from place to place and from farmers to the traders depending upon the requirement for the ultimate utility for the market. Since the major portion of the coconut produced in the country is marketed Through indirect mode of disposal and to limited extent through direct channel, the numbers of agencies involved in the marketing system are more or less similar through out the country with exceptional number where direct sale is involved. The states where copra making and milling industries are located, the agencies involved are village merchant / or copra maker, middle men or copra merchant, trader / miller. Though grading of coconut is an important marketing function to fetch a remunerative price for the coconut but it has not been fairly adopted at the producer’s levels, through out the country, whether for tender and or matured coconuts. However, the wholesale traders adopts the practice of grading coconut and copra based on the categories such as size, colour, freshness in case of tender coconut and size, weight and kernel content in case of matured coconuts, while copra is graded, into edible and milling as ball and cup copra. The grades and classification differ from the state to state and depends upon the local nomenclature. Since, Kerala is an important coconut trading centre the main centre for coconut oil markets are located at Kochi, Trichur and Trivendrum, similarly Kanghayam and Vellakovil in Tamil Nadu and Udipi and Mysore in Karnataka are main oil trading centres. The marketing practices followed in the coconut and coconut product trade, it has been revealed that in-numerable intermediaries, channels, functionaries, brokers, assemblers, traders, merchants, wholesalers, institutions and retailers are involved directly or indirectly in the movement of coconut from the point of production to the point of consumption, performing various activities in the flow process, enabling movement of coconut and its products until placed in the hands of consumers. Though the future trading in copra and coconut oil was discontinued due to excessive speculation in trading activities, in early 70’s it was reintroduced in 2001 for coconut oil under the first commodity exchange of India at Kochi, to boost marketing of coconut oil and copra in the country. Since long the prices of coconut and coconut products in the country are mainly centred around copra and coconut oil, the price of coconut is usually influenced by the prevailing prices of coconut oil in the wholesale market. The coconut prices are characterized by wide and violent functions with erratic price trends. The prices of coconut at the important markets in coconut producing areas (viz. , Arikere, Kozhikode, Kanghyam) generally move in close sympathy with one another but at other distant markets the prices do not show the sympathetic trend. The monthly wholesale prices in the above markets followed similar trend and seasonal variations and moved alike without much fluctuation in these three marketing centers. The coconut prices tend to rise where there is sustained demand of copra making from the months of October, November to March and April. The large scale arrival of coconut during the month of January-February declines the prices of the coconuts in almost all the markets. However, the prices remain low during monsoon period inspite of regular supply in the market due to reduction in copra making. The coconut prices vary in accordance with the quality of the nuts, the size of Coconut matters much in fixing the price of matured nuts, big nuts invariably fetches higher price than the smaller nuts. However, the previous price trend had changed a lot in case of tender coconuts in today’s market good quality tender coconut fetches higher price or if not then equivalent to the price of matured coconut due to higher demand from the consuming market. In areas where the coir industries are located, the unhusked coconut fetches higher prices than the husked coconut. Copra is a basic raw material for commercial end product the coconut oil, but the ruling price of coconut oil is the yardstick for determining the prices of copra in market. The price trend in India showed that the ball copra generally fetched more price than cup and milling copra. Similarly, the edible copra fetched even higher prices than that of milling copra. Since copra prices is subjected to wide fluctuation Government ensures the remunerative price to the farmers by declaring Minimum Support Price (MSP) as a result some time it was observed that the price of ball copra remained above the Minimum Support Price (MSP), though the prices of coconut declined in the market. The other factor which affects the prices of copra in the markets are harvesting of tender coconuts, increase in demand, resumption of future trading and or combination of various factors such as demand-supply imbalancing, availability of cheaper substitute and introduction of Value Added Tax (VAT). Since, coconut oil is an important product of coconut with world wide demand, the prices of coconut oil moves in close sympathy with that of other vegetable oils. The other features which affect the prices of coconut oil are the end uses of coconut oil and their responsiveness to the prevailing prices, supply of other major vegetable oils viz., soybean oil, palm oil and different polices of Government in execution from time to time, do effect the price determination process of coconut oil. The coconut oil as such is over priced in domestic and world market, being source of caprelic, capric, lauric acid and myristic acid, which are considered as important items for industrial application. Reasons of setbacks in coconut production†¦ Kerala can no more take pride in claiming the top slot in coconut production. Keralas share in area as well as production of coconut in the country has been declining over time.