International Journal of Business and Management Ghana

Question: Describe about the International Journal of Business and Management for Ghana. Answer: A business has been introduced. The business will be centered on manufacturing unit. Manufacturing is a type of business that uses components, parts or raw materials to make a finished product. The finished goods can be sold directly to the customers. Manufacturing units are a growing entity in the world. The emergences of entrepreneurs around the globe are helping the type of business to grow. It is comprised of machines and tools. Labor is an important aspect in manufacturing firm. We have opened a manufacturing firm that is concerned about making raw materials for car making companies. Our business will make car parts and automobile machineries. The manufacturing process is often termed as fabrication. We are making the business very simple and easy to understand (Kastalli Van Looy, 2013). The business will be set in Queensland, Australia. The place is chosen in Australia, as there is an abundance of car companies in Australia. Ford, Toyota, GM, Volkswagen and Renault are some of the well-known car brands operate in various parts of the country. These companies require multiple car parts and machineries for making the automobiles. The manufacturing plant should be selected for their accessibility. The place should have proper parking facilities, spacious. The weather should be pleasant, as the manufacturing business should not operate from a humid and hot weather condition. The transportation system should be cohesive and properly structured. The time consuming process could be tedious and exciting. Many startup business stops for the excess price and expenses they incur (Asamoah Annan Nyarko, 2012). Unlike merchandising business or hybrid business, manufacturing business buys products for the intention to use them as materials in making new product. A transformation is there in the process. Our manufacturing company will comprise of raw materials, labor and factory overhead in the production process. The manufactured car parts will be delivered to the car making companies. The organization chart will highlight the formal chain of management system. The command and communication between the supervisors and the workers needed to be good. They should help eachother to understand the goals of the firm. Manufacturing firm depends on employee output. The output should be similar every day. The workers should try to overcome the barriers in the manufacturing firm (Needles Crosson, 2013). We would give the workers all the resources possible. 24 hours electric, water supply, food supply and first aid rooms should be there in any manufacturing unit. In a unit like ours the fours thing sh ould be made mandatory. The machines should be made rust free. Oiling to the machines need to be done on a regular basis. Employee evaluation and job satisfaction are the two parameters we will incorporate in our unit. Manufacturing business has been chosen as the area of our business. The economy of a country relies on manufacturing units. The more the number of entrepreneurs the more will be the GDP. It would create more job options for the youths. The foundation of economic stability stands on manufacturing plants. In a country like Australia where the natural resources are present at a good rate, the risk can be taken to start a new business in manufacturing industry. Australia has an abundance of Steel, mines and natural gas. For a car parts making company iron, steel and heavy metals are needed most importantly. Therefore, we thought it would an easy option for us if we choose this stream of business. For running a manufacturing cost, it takes enough funds. We were five people in the group that is why everybody contributed to make the idea to explore. The manufacturing sectors have behind the scene logistics opportunities. The industry knowledge can lead anyone on getting higher knowledge of business. Welding, Fabrication, Assembly, Mechanists and more can train for the skill sets without spending much penny. They can earn substantial living wage. Therefore, manufacturing has a career potential and it has opportunities to earn more than anything else does (Needles Crosson, 2013). Financing takes pole position in any business. It can be personal financing or financing from different sources. The finance depends on the type and size of business. In our case, it would take enough funds to make a progress. Processing business is usually capital intensive requires large sum of capital. Investments should be properly made, lot of decisions need to be taken before a lump sum investment. Life insurance also needs to be done for dealing any future frictions. This does not include any term assurance. Personal finance can be profit sharing. In our case, there are six people included so a profit sharing model will be used. We are taking loans from government banks for our finance. We have deposited security to the bank for getting the loan. Mortgage was drawn for getting the loan amount. Venture capital is a type of finance that comes from companies. We have targeted some car making firms. They are giving us advance money for making car parts. It is a venture capital. Ge nerally, they prefer to invest in companies that have received equity investments from the founders and are already profitable. Manufacturing overhead is indirect factory related costs that are incurred at the cost of production. It includes labor cost, material cost etc. in our case the number of labors will be more, so the wage and labor cost will be huge. The inventory and cost of goods sold are valued and reported according to the accepted principles accounting. Selling and administrative costs come under non-manufacturing cost. Compensation and occupancy costs and expenses are the depreciation of nonmanufacturing equipment (Grubel, 2014). It expenses for the trucks and automobiles are used for delivering process. Here in our case a plant controller will be there to take the responsibility of coordinating the completion of all plant accounting. At the time of implementing new system, significant business process changes that goes along with the flow. Inventory valuation can track the production of specific jobs. For the valuation, standard cost, FIFO and LIFO methods are used. The comparison of actual cos t is incurred to standard budgeted cost. The aspect of manufacturing cost in accounting is necessary. The favorable variance might simply mean that a standard was set to make the process easier. It is bound to be favorable. The information derived from the analysis can be used as the basis for the annual budgeting. The ultimate responsibility of the work is to dictate the accounting process in an inclusive manner (Beatty Liao, 2014). (Source: www.accountingworld.com) (Source: www.accountingsource.com) Cost of Goods Manufactured Statement Cost Element Decisions Information required Material Direct Labor Manufacturing overhead Supplier*number of orders*order size* Number of factory workers and their wage rate Type of finishing department equipment, order size of materials, factory labor compensation List prices Quality discounts Carriage cost Cost of order supply Capacity required Wage carrying unit Carrying cost of inventory Overhead cost Variable cost rates Property plant and equipment are a class of assets. It has a physical existence. A company recognizes fixed costs when it gains control over economic benefits. The benefit can be generated from the assets. The fixed asset is carried on the balance sheet (May, 2013). Cost of Land includes Purchase cost, transaction cost, legal fees and registration fees Cost of Machinery parts include Permit cost, construction cost, equipment cost and excavation cost Cost of plant includes Labor cost, inspection cost, test run cost, purchase cost Balance sheet projections Assets Initial balance Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Cash and short-term investments $6,000 $126,532 $97,817 $152,700 $226,378 $179,786 Accounts receivable 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 Total inventory 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 Prepaid expenses 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deferred income tax 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other current assets 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 Total current assets $39,000 $159,532 $130,817 $185,700 $259,378 $212,786 Buildings $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 Land 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 Capital improvements 0 0 0 0 0 0 Machinery and equipment 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 Less: Accumulated depreciation expense 0 40,000 80,800 122,400 164,800 208,000 Net property/equipment $300,000 $260,000 $219,200 $177,600 $135,200 $92,000 Goodwill $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Deferred income tax 0 0 0 0 0 0 Long-term investments 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deposits 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other long-term assets 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total assets $339,000 $419,532 $350,017 $363,300 $394,578 $304,786 Liabilities Initial balance Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Accounts payable $2,000 $2,000 $3,000 $3,000 $1,500 $1,500 Accrued expenses 0 0 0 0 0 0 Notes payable/short-term debt 0 0 0 0 0 0 Capital leases 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other current liabilities 100 100 100 100 100 100 Total current liabilities $2,100 $2,100 $3,100 $3,100 $1,600 $1,600 Long-term debt from loan payment calculator $80,000 $65,522 $50,320 $34,358 $17,598 $0 Other long-term debt $100,000 $200,000 $150,000 $175,000 $225,000 $150,000 Total debt $182,100 $267,622 $203,420 $212,458 $244,198 $151,600 Other liabilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total liabilities $82,100 $67,622 $53,420 $37,458 $19,198 $1,600 Equity Initial balance Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Owner's equity (common) $50,000 $50,000 $50,000 $50,000 $50,000 $50,000 Paid-in capital 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 Preferred equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 Retained earnings 0 (4,990) (10,303) (5,059) (5,520) (2,714) Total equity $300,000 $295,010 $289,697 $294,941 $294,480 $297,286 Total liabilities and equity $382,100 $362,632 $343,117 $332,400 $313,678 $298,886 References Asamoah, D., Annan, J., Nyarko, S. 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